Bio-inspired untethered fully soft robots in liquid actuated by induced energy gradients     

Liang Xiong Lyu  Fen Li  Kang Wu  Pan Deng  Seung Hee Jeong  Zhigang Wu  Han Ding 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(5):970

Soft robotics with new designs, fabrication technologies and control strategies inspired by nature have been totally changing our view on robotics. To fully exploit their potential in practical applications, untethered designs are preferred in implementation. However, hindered by the limited thermal/mechanical performance of soft materials, it has been always challenging for researchers to implement untethered solutions, which generally involve rigid forms of high energy-density power sources or high energy-density processes. A number of insects in nature, such as rove beetles, can gain a burst of kinetic energy from the induced surface-energy gradient on water to return to their familiar habitats, which is generally known as Marangoni propulsion. Inspired by such a behavior, we report the agile untethered mobility of a fully soft robot in liquid based on induced energy gradients and also develop corresponding fabrication and maneuvering strategies. The robot can reach a speed of 5.5 body lengths per second, which is 7-fold more than the best reported, 0.69 (body length per second), in the previous work on untethered soft robots in liquid by far. Further controlling the robots, we demonstrate a soft-robot swarm that can approach a target simultaneously to assure a hit with high accuracy. Without employing any high energy-density power sources or processes, our robot exhibits many attractive merits, such as quietness, no mechanical wear, no thermal fatigue, invisibility and ease of robot fabrication, which may potentially impact many fields in the future.  相似文献   

激发学习动机教学模式在生物学探究课题中的实践     

邓芳 《生物学教学》2020,(4):58-60

本文基于激发学习动机的教学模式,综合运用任务设计、权力分配、小组安排、时间分配、肯定方式、评估活动和教师期待等课堂结构因素,激发学生对生物学课题探究的主动性、自主性,增强完成探究任务的自信心。  相似文献   

定向运动在山地应急医疗救援培训中的价值与应用     

邓发林 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(1):153-154

本文通过文献资料法、访谈法和现场观察法对定向运动在山地应急医疗救援培训中的价值和应用进行研究,得出定向运动在培训中发挥着重要价值。定向运动培训能够提高医疗救援人员的身体素质及合理的体能分配,促进山地医疗救援的安全与效率,提升医疗救援人员在陌生救援环境中的心理素质与能力。因此,定向运动融入到山地应急医疗救援培训不仅能够提高医疗救援人员自我保护能力,也能够在一定程度上促进山地应急救援培训更好地发展。  相似文献   

How student perceptions about online learning difficulty influenced their satisfaction during Canada's Covid-19 response     

Colin Conrad  Qi Deng  Isabelle Caron  Oksana Shkurska  Paulette Skerrett  Binod Sundararajan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(3):534-557

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant challenge to higher education and forced academic institutions across the globe to abruptly shift to remote teaching. Because of the emergent transition, higher education institutions continuously face difficulties in creating satisfactory online learning experiences that adhere to the new norms. This study investigates the transition to online learning during Covid-19 to identify factors that influenced students' satisfaction with the online learning environment. Adopting a mixed-method design, we find that students' experience with online learning can be negatively affected by information overload, and perceived technical skill requirements, and describe qualitative evidence that suggest a lack of social interactions, class format, and ambiguous communication also affected perceived learning. This study suggests that to digitalize higher education successfully, institutions need to redesign students' learning experience systematically and re-evaluate traditional pedagogical approaches in the online context.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• University transitions to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic were undertaken by faculty and students who had little online learning experience.
• The transition to online learning was often described as having a negative influence on students' learning experience and mental health.
• Varieties of cognitive load are known predictors of effective online learning experiences and satisfaction.

What this paper adds

• Information overload and perceptions of technical abilities are demonstrated to predict students' difficulty and satisfaction with online learning.
• Students express negative attitudes towards factors that influence information overload, technical factors, and asynchronous course formats.
• Communication quantity was not found to be a significant factor in predicting either perceived difficulty or negative attitudes.

Implications for practice and/or policy

• We identify ways that educators in higher education can improve their online offerings and implementations during future disruptions.
• We offer insights into student experience concerning online learning environments during an abrupt transition.
• We identify design factors that contribute to effective online delivery, educators in higher education can improve students' learning experiences during difficult periods and abrupt transitions to online learning.

  相似文献   

Self-Regulatory Development in Children from Chinese Immigrant Families: Evidence for Commonality and Specificity     

Stephen H. Chen  Xue Fang Deng  Emily Zhang  Leslie K. Wang  Cindy H. Liu 《Child development》2021,92(6):e1126-e1137

A central theme of acculturative specificity is the heterogeneity of the immigrant experience. This study integrated this application of the Specificity Principle with intergenerational transmission models of self-regulation and identified both common and specific pathways in the self-regulatory development of Chinese American children in immigrant families (N = 169, M_age = 9.2 years). Consistent with intergenerational transmission models, results indicated associations between parents’ and children’s effortful control, with the mediation of these associations via authoritarian parenting. Parental education, family income, and children’s bilingual proficiency were also uniquely associated with children’s executive function and effortful control. Together, findings provide new directions for research with ethnic minority immigrant families, and underscore the utility of within-group approaches in advancing research on ethnic minority children’s development.  相似文献   

大概念统摄下物理单元知识结构构建及教学探讨     

邓靖武 《课程.教材.教法》2021,41(1):118-124

大概念统摄下的单元知识结构构建及教学,是实现有效学习、落实学科核心素养的重要途径.提炼学科大概念可从三个维度入手:基于学科视角,聚焦学科本质;基于课程标准,依据学科教材;基于学生发展需求.基于大概念设计明确的单元学习目标与基本问题、单元学习流程以及关键任务,有利于学生理解具体内容背后更为本质的学科思想和方法,形成良好的认知结构和思维方式,促进学科核心素养的落实.  相似文献   

基于课程标准设计核心素养导向的单元教学     

胡久华  刘洋 《课程.教材.教法》2021,41(9):101-107

实现核心素养发展是基础教育研究与教学实践的迫切需求.课程标准明确了核心素养内涵,给出了核心素养视域下的教学建议,成为核心素养导向教学的重要参考.对课程标准的分析是设计素养导向教学的核心,可依据逆向设计思路,形成核心素养导向的单元学习目标、挑战性单元学习任务、进阶性单元学习历程、持续性学习评价和开放性学习环境的系统设计,以此驱动学生经历"真实性"和"整合性"的深度学习过程,从而实现课程标准到教学的有效转化,促进学生核心素养的发展.  相似文献   

学生参与大学治理的理论逻辑与实践路径     

秦惠民  李登 《高等教育研究》2021,42(3):32-41

作为大学最重要的利益相关者群体,学生可通过协商民主机制,将自身的诉求与大学其他利益相关者以及管理者的目标平衡与融合,通过制度性渠道与程序参与大学治理,实现大学治理结构的优化。我国大学与学生关系的转变以及学生的学习权利,构成学生参与大学治理的法理基础。学生参与大学治理,有利于增强大学相关决定的正当性以及被接受性,提高治理效能,实现民主决策、科学决策。学生参与大学治理存在客观限度,大学应根据事务性质、学生参与能力、参与意愿等因素,确立学生参与大学治理的方式方法和范围程度。  相似文献   

我国职业教育校本课程及其治理探究     

陈庆合  邓泽民  王剑锋 《职教论坛》2021,(2):55-60

职业教育校本课程与国家课程和地方课程的课程目标是一致的,但肩负着不同的教学目的,在国家三级课程体系中具有不可替代作用。随着教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的提出,职业教育校本课程的治理也迫在眉睫。分析职业教育校本课程的本质特征、校本课程的地位和作用,从治理理论的角度提出课程治理的特征:治理主体共同参与决策,不同决策层的不同主体权利不同;课程治理的对话以多主体间的互动和协商为基础;治理主体之间为协作关系,是对权力和资源更为公平的分配与再分配;与课程相关多元利益主体的责任通过治理过程进行分配。分析我国当前职业教育校本课程治理存在的问题,提出职业教育校本课程治理策略:建立明确的职业教育校本课程治理标准;构建多层次职业教育校本课程治理机制;改善职业教育校本课程治理权力运作方式;明确职业教育校本课程的管理与开发主体;凸显职业教育校本课程鲜明类型特点。  相似文献   

以思想政治教育科研成果赋能高校思想政治理论课教学     

李大健  汤瑶  邓红梅 《思想教育研究》2021,(2):100-104

高校在将思想政治教育科研成果应用于思想政治理论课教学的过程中,应以"应用"催生思想政治理论课教学的应时力、导向力和矫正力,从而强化教学旨向;应做到"权变性"与"体系性"兼具、"时代性"与"新颖性"兼具,从而活化教学内容;应聚焦"学理性"突出问题导向、聚焦"研究性"革新教学方法,从而助推教学研究。  相似文献